Colombia: Political Parties & Elections

For much of the twentieth century, Colombian politics was dominated by two traditional forces, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, whose rivalry shaped the country’s institutions and, at times, its conflicts. The 1991 constitution loosened the barriers...

Canada: Political Parties & Elections

Canadian federal politics has long been dominated by the center-left Liberal Party and the center-right Conservative Party, with the social-democratic New Democratic Party (NDP), the Quebec-sovereigntist Bloc Québécois, and the Green Party typically holding smaller...

Chile: Political Parties & Elections

Chile’s National Congress is elected under an open-list proportional representation system adopted in 2017, which replaced the country’s earlier binomial system and allowed a wider range of parties, from the Communist Party on the left to the Republican...

Brazil: Political Parties & Elections

Brazil’s National Congress is elected through a highly fragmented multiparty system, a product of open-list proportional representation for the Chamber of Deputies that allows dozens of parties to win seats in any given election. Rather than two dominant blocs,...

Bolivia: Political Parties & Elections

For nearly two decades, Bolivian politics was dominated by the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), the leftist, Indigenous-rooted party founded around Evo Morales that governed almost continuously from 2006 onward. Opposition to MAS has historically been fragmented among...
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