Systems and institutions.
Chile’s National Congress is elected under an open-list proportional representation system adopted in 2017, which replaced the country’s earlier binomial system and allowed a wider range of parties, from the Communist Party on the left to the Republican Party on the right, to win seats. This proportional structure tends to produce a fragmented, multiparty Congress […]
Brazil’s National Congress is elected through a highly fragmented multiparty system, a product of open-list proportional representation for the Chamber of Deputies that allows dozens of parties to win seats in any given election. Rather than two dominant blocs, Brazilian politics is typically organized around broad left and right coalitions built around a small number […]
For nearly two decades, Bolivian politics was dominated by the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS), the leftist, Indigenous-rooted party founded around Evo Morales that governed almost continuously from 2006 onward. Opposition to MAS has historically been fragmented among several center-right and regionally based parties, including groups aligned with figures such as former president Jorge “Tuto” Quiroga […]
Belizean politics has long been dominated by two parties: the People’s United Party (PUP), historically associated with the country’s independence movement and a center-left orientation, and the United Democratic Party (UDP), a center-right coalition formed in 1973 from several smaller opposition groups. Power has alternated between the two parties since independence in 1981, with elections […]
Barbadian politics has historically been shaped by two parties: the Barbados Labour Party (BLP), which tends toward a more technocratic and centrist approach, and the Democratic Labour Party (DLP), formed when a group of BLP members broke away to establish a more populist alternative. Despite their differing origins, the substantive policy differences between the two […]
