Belize: 20th Century Developments

In the early twentieth century, British Honduras remained a small colonial economy built around mahogany extraction and other forestry exports, with political power concentrated in an appointed legislative council and little say afforded to the broader population. The...

Barbados: 20th Century Developments

Barbados entered the twentieth century as a British colony with a plantation economy still dominated by a small white landowning class, despite a Black majority population. Labour unrest swept the British West Indies in 1937, and Barbados was no exception; the...

Bahamas: 20th Century Developments

The Bahamas entered the twentieth century as a British Crown Colony governed by a small, largely white merchant elite based in Nassau, often referred to as the “Bay Street Boys.” The islands’ economy, historically dependent on sponging, agriculture,...

Venezuela: Independence Movement

Venezuelan resistance to Spanish rule surfaced as early as 1797, when a group of Caracas Creoles conspired for independence, though the plot was quickly suppressed. Sentiment for self-rule grew over the following decade, and on April 19, 1810, colonial officials in...

Uruguay: Independence Movement

Uruguay’s independence movement grew out of the broader wars against Spanish colonial rule that swept South America in the early nineteenth century. José Gervasio Artigas led an early revolutionary campaign beginning in 1811 to expel Spanish authority from the...
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