Desde la colonización hasta hoy.
At the dawn of the twentieth century, Venezuela came under the control of a succession of military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira, known collectively as the Andinos. General Cipriano Castro seized the presidency in 1899 and ruled until 1908, when he departed for medical treatment in Europe and was supplanted by Juan Vicente […]
Uruguay entered the twentieth century as an early outlier in Latin America, building a democratic welfare state under President Jose Batlle y Ordonez in the early 1900s. His reforms, often described as Batllismo, established an eight-hour workday, pensions, and public education, and gave the state a leading role in the economy. For decades this model […]
The United States entered the twentieth century as an industrial power and left it as a global superpower, a transformation driven by two world wars and a lasting rivalry with the Soviet Union. Progressive Era reforms addressed the excesses of rapid industrialization before the country’s entry into World War I in 1917 marked its emergence […]
The early twentieth century brought rapid change to Trinidad and Tobago as the discovery and expansion of oil production reshaped the colony’s economy. Oil extraction, centered in the south of Trinidad, drew workers from across the islands and created a new industrial workforce, but wages and working conditions lagged behind the industry’s profits. Tensions came […]
Suriname entered the 20th century as a colony of the Netherlands, known then as Dutch Guiana, with an economy that had shifted from declining sugar plantations toward mining. Gold extraction expanded in the early decades of the century, and the discovery of rich bauxite deposits soon transformed the territory’s economic importance. Mining towns such as […]
