Da colonização aos dias atuais.
Mexico’s independence movement grew out of the political instability that followed Napoleon Bonaparte’s 1808 invasion of Spain, which weakened royal authority throughout the Spanish Empire and emboldened criollo elites and mestizo communities to question colonial rule. Resentment over taxation, racial hierarchy, and limited political representation had been building for years, setting the stage for open […]
Jamaica remained under British colonial administration for more than 300 years, governed largely in the interests of a plantation economy built on enslaved and, later, indentured labor. Popular pressure for greater political voice grew through the early twentieth century, culminating in the labor unrest of 1938, when strikes and riots across the island exposed deep […]
For nearly three centuries, the territory that is now Honduras was administered as part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, a Spanish colonial jurisdiction subordinate to the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Political change elsewhere in the Spanish empire, including Mexico’s own independence movement, created pressure across Central America for local elites to reconsider their ties […]
Haiti’s independence movement grew out of the brutal plantation economy of Saint-Domingue, then France’s most profitable colony in the Caribbean. In 1791, enslaved Africans launched a large-scale uprising against colonial planters, igniting a conflict that would span more than a decade and draw in French, British, and Spanish forces vying for control of the island. […]
British Guiana, the colony that would become Guyana, had been under British administration since 1814, following more than a century of earlier Dutch rule, and remained a colony for 350 years in total before achieving sovereignty. Political organizing toward self-government intensified after the Second World War, led in large part by two rival figures: Cheddi […]
