Haiti: 20th Century Developments

The early twentieth century brought profound upheaval to Haiti, culminating in a U.S. military occupation that lasted from 1915 to 1934. Citing political instability and the protection of American financial interests, U.S. Marines took control of the country’s...

Guyana: 20th Century Developments

Guyana, then the colony of British Guiana, saw the rise of an anti-colonial movement centered on the People’s Progressive Party (PPP), founded in 1950 by Cheddi Jagan and Forbes Burnham. The PPP won the colony’s first election under universal adult...

Guatemala: 20th Century Developments

A popular uprising known as the October Revolution overthrew the long-standing dictatorship of Jorge Ubico in 1944, ushering in a decade of democratic reform under presidents Juan José Arévalo and Jacobo Árbenz. Árbenz’s government pursued an ambitious land...

Grenada: 20th Century Developments

Grenada gained independence from Britain in 1974 under Prime Minister Eric Gairy, whose increasingly authoritarian and erratic rule, including reliance on a personal paramilitary force known as the “Mongoose Gang,” alienated much of the population over the...

El Salvador: 20th Century Developments

El Salvador’s twentieth century was shaped by deep-rooted inequities in land ownership and political power that stretched back to the previous century. Salvadoran elites, backed by the military, resisted meaningful economic reform for decades, and popular...
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