Sistemas e instituciones.
Belize’s foreign relations reflect its unusual position as an English-speaking country embedded in Central America, bridging cultural and diplomatic ties to both the Caribbean and its Spanish-speaking neighbors. Since gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1981, Belize has pursued an independent foreign policy managed by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, joining the United Nations, […]
Since gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1966, Barbados has built a foreign policy defined by pragmatism, multilateral engagement, and close coordination with its Caribbean neighbors. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade, which answers to the Prime Minister, oversees the island’s diplomatic missions and its participation in international bodies including the United […]
The Bahamas conducts its foreign relations as an independent member of the Commonwealth, having gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1973 while retaining the British monarch as head of state, represented locally by a Governor-General. That same year the country joined the United Nations, having already become a member of the Organization of American […]
Venezuela’s contemporary party system was reshaped dramatically by the political movement built around Hugo Chavez following his election to the presidency in 1998. After consolidating a coalition of leftist and socialist parties that had backed his candidacy and government, Chavez founded the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) through a merger of several of his […]
Uruguay’s modern party system took shape in the mid-19th century out of the civil conflict known as the Guerra Grande, when supporters loyal to the government adopted red as their color and became the Colorado Party, while their rivals rallied under white to form the Blanco Party, formally the National Party. For more than a […]
