Sistemas e instituciones.
Jamaica’s modern political system has been dominated since the 1940s by two parties: the People’s National Party (PNP), founded in 1938 by Norman Manley, and the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), founded in 1943 by Alexander Bustamante. Both grew out of the labor unrest of the 1930s and the trade union movements led by their founders. […]
Mexico’s modern party system took shape after the 1929 founding of what became the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which governed the country without interruption for more than seven decades in a system the writer Mario Vargas Llosa called “the perfect dictatorship.” The PRI dominated the presidency, Congress, and most state governorships through a combination of […]
Since independence in 1821, Honduras has constitutionally been a democratic, representative, unitary state with power divided among executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Under the current framework, the president serves as both head of state and government and is elected directly by popular vote for a nonrenewable four-year term, while the single-chamber National Congress is composed […]
Haiti’s 1987 constitution established a semi-presidential system combining an elected president with a prime minister and cabinet, alongside a bicameral legislature made up of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate. For much of the twentieth century, however, formal party competition was tightly restricted under a series of authoritarian governments. Political parties were effectively banned […]
Guyana’s political system centers on a unicameral National Assembly elected through proportional representation, a method introduced in 1964 after the colonial government sought to address concerns that the previous electoral arrangement disadvantaged the Indo-Guyanese community. Since 2001, the Assembly’s 65 seats have been filled through a closed-list system combining ten regional constituencies with a national […]
