Markets, resources, industry.
Colombia’s currency is the Colombian peso (COP), which replaced the colonial real in 1837 at a rate of one peso to eight reales. Its exchange rate was pegged at various points over the following century, tied to the French franc under the gold standard from 1871 to 1886, later to the British pound, and then […]
Chile’s official currency is the Chilean peso (CLP), introduced in 1975 to replace the escudo at a rate of 1,000 escudos per peso and reviving a name the country had used from 1817 to 1960. The peso spent its first years under fixed and crawling-band arrangements against the US dollar, including a brief dollar peg […]
Canada’s currency is the Canadian dollar, whose decimal form dates to 1858, when the Province of Canada adopted a system aligned with the US dollar rather than British sterling. Confederation in 1867 and the Uniform Currency Act of 1871 merged the currencies of the founding provinces into a single national dollar, which remained tied to […]
Brazil’s currency is the real, introduced on July 1, 1994, as the centerpiece of the Plano Real, a stabilization plan designed chiefly by then-Finance Minister Fernando Henrique Cardoso to break a long cycle of chronic inflation. The real replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real at a rate of 2,750 to 1, following a string of earlier […]
Bolivia’s currency is the boliviano, introduced in 1987 to replace the Bolivian peso at a rate of one million pesos to one boliviano, following a period of runaway inflation that had eroded savings and shaken public confidence in the financial system. Issued by the Central Bank of Bolivia (Banco Central de Bolivia, BCB) and divided […]
